2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):反義疑問(wèn)句

2016/09/28 09:46:31文/網(wǎng)編3

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▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):反義疑問(wèn)句

反義疑問(wèn)句(The Disjunctive Question 或 Question tags) 即附加疑問(wèn)句。它表示提問(wèn)人的看法,沒(méi)有把握,需要對(duì)方證實(shí)。 反義疑問(wèn)句由兩部分組成:前一部分是一個(gè)陳述句,后一部分是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的疑問(wèn)句,兩部分的人稱時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致。

主要形式:陳述部分肯定式+疑問(wèn)部分否定式 ;陳述部分否定式+疑問(wèn)部分肯定式 。

陳述部分和疑問(wèn)部分要么前肯后否,要么前否后肯。這類反義疑問(wèn)句有時(shí)帶有感情色彩,表示驚奇,憤怒,諷刺,不服氣等。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):反義疑問(wèn)句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)

1.陳述部分肯定句+疑問(wèn)部分否定句(可記為前肯后否).

例:They work hard, don’t they

Let's go to the supermarket ,shall we

2.陳述部分否定句+疑問(wèn)部分肯定句(可記為前否后肯).

例:You didn't go, did you

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):反義疑問(wèn)句的句子類型

一種是反義的附加疑問(wèn)句;一種是非反義的附加疑問(wèn)句。

簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō),就是“前肯后否”或“前否后肯”。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):反義疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)

一般詞語(yǔ)

附加疑問(wèn)句中主語(yǔ)用和主句一致的主語(yǔ),用主格。附加疑問(wèn)句隨從句。

不定代詞

當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是

(1)one時(shí),后面的疑問(wèn)句可用one/he.

(2)no one時(shí),后面附加疑問(wèn)句中主語(yǔ)用they。

(3)everything,anything,nothing,something時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句中主語(yǔ)用it 不用they

(4)this, that,或those, these時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句中主語(yǔ)用it或they.

(5)everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,anyone,nobody等時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句中主語(yǔ)一般用they(口頭語(yǔ),非正式文體)/he(正式文體)。

(6)不定式時(shí),動(dòng)名詞,其他短語(yǔ),附加疑問(wèn)句中主語(yǔ)一般用it。

(7)there be句型時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句中一般用be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+there。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):反義疑問(wèn)句具有否定意義的詞

(1)當(dāng)陳述部分有never,seldom, hardly,few,little,barely, scarcely, nothing,none,rarely ,no, not, no one, nobody, neither等否定意義的詞匯時(shí),后面的反意疑問(wèn)句則為肯定形式:

There're few apples in the basket, are there

He can hardly swim, can he

They seldom come late, do they

(2)當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為everyone,someone,anyone,no one等表示人的不定代詞時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)用they或he:

Everyone in your family is a teacher, aren’t they\isn't he

(3)當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為everything,something,anything.nothing等表示物的不定代詞時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)用it:

Something is wrong with your watch, isn’t it

(4)當(dāng)陳述部分含有否定意思的詞是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly,等含有否定詞綴的派生詞,也就是有un,dis-前綴、-less后綴等含詞綴而意思否定的詞,當(dāng)肯定句處理,疑問(wèn)部分用否定形式。如:

He looks unhappy,doesn’t he 他看上去不高興,不是嗎

The girl dislikes history,doesn’t she 這女孩不喜歡歷史,不是嗎

(5)當(dāng)陳述部分有l(wèi)ess, fewer等詞視為肯定詞,疑問(wèn)部分用否定形式。

There will be less pollution, won't there

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):反義疑問(wèn)句表示主語(yǔ)的詞

含有think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成的主從復(fù)合句在構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí),視情況不同有兩種不同的構(gòu)成方式。(即當(dāng)主句是I think,I believe,I suppose,I imagine,I expect,I guess時(shí)要反問(wèn)從句,其余句式均反問(wèn)主句。)

(1)當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí),其后的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句應(yīng)與從句相一致。例如:

I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he

We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you

值得注意的是,當(dāng)這些動(dòng)詞后接的賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句時(shí),其仍屬否定句,故其后的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句應(yīng)用肯定式,而非否定式。例如:

I don't believe that he can translate this book, can he

We don't imagine the twins have arrived, have they

此類句子的回答同"前否后肯"型反意疑問(wèn)句一樣,如上述后一個(gè)句子,若雙胞胎已經(jīng)到了,則回答為"Yes, they have.";若尚未到達(dá),使用"No, they haven't."。

(2)當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)為第二、三人稱時(shí),其后的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句則應(yīng)與主句相一致(此時(shí),否定只看主句,與從句無(wú)關(guān))。例如:

Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she

You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you

They don't believe she's an engineer, do they

She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she

(3)但如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去時(shí)等等,疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)和主句的人稱時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):反義疑問(wèn)句中的have

陳述部分有had better,或其中的had表示完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)用hadn’t等開(kāi)頭:

You’d better get up early, hadn’t you

其他情況句中有have時(shí)疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)用don't等開(kāi)頭

如have表示“有”的時(shí)候,有兩種形式:(have 表示有可用do或have來(lái)改寫)

-He has two sisters,doesn’t he =He has two sisters, hasn’t he

-He doesn't have any sisters,does he

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):反義疑問(wèn)句的祈使句

當(dāng)陳述部分是祈使句時(shí),疑問(wèn)句要根據(jù)語(yǔ)氣來(lái)表達(dá),分三種情況:

1)一般情況下用will you 或won't you。

Give me a hand, will you

Leave all the things as they are, won’t you

Don't spoil your child, will you

Take his dirty gloves away ,won't you

2)以Let's(聽(tīng)者包括在內(nèi))開(kāi)頭的祈使句,前肯后可肯可否,疑問(wèn)句必須用shall we(shall只用于第一人稱);只有以Let us(聽(tīng)話人不被包括在“us”里面)或Let me開(kāi)頭的祈使句,問(wèn)句才用will you。

Let us know the time of your arrival, will you

Let's try again, shall we

Let me help you, will you

Let’s have a look on your book,shall we

3)當(dāng)陳述句是否定的祈使句時(shí),問(wèn)句可用will you 或can you 。

e.g. Don’t make much noise, will/can you

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):反義疑問(wèn)句的There be句型

There be 句型中,反義疑問(wèn)部分必須為be 動(dòng)詞 + there

There are some apples in the basket, aren't there

There isn't any milk left, is there

there used to be,反義疑問(wèn)句有兩種形式:didn't there和usedn't there.

There used to be some cities wall, usedn't there 或:There used to be some cities wall, didn't there

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):反義疑問(wèn)句的Must

當(dāng)陳述部分有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must,問(wèn)句有4種情況:

(1)mustn't表示“禁止,不可,不必”時(shí),附加問(wèn)句通常要用must.

You mustn't stop your car here, must you

你不能把車停在這地方,知道嗎

(2)must表示“有必要”時(shí),附加問(wèn)句通常要用needn't.

They must finish the work today, needn’t they

他們今天要完成這項(xiàng)工作,是嗎

(3)must be表推測(cè),用來(lái)表示對(duì)現(xiàn) 在的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)時(shí),問(wèn)句通常要根據(jù)must后面的動(dòng)詞采用相應(yīng)的形式。

He must be good at English, isn’t he 他英語(yǔ)一定學(xué)得很好,是嗎

She must be a good English teacher, isn’t she 她一定是位優(yōu)秀的英語(yǔ)老師,是嗎

(4)當(dāng)must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)(一般句中有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)),問(wèn)句要根據(jù)陳述部分謂語(yǔ)的情況用“didn't+主語(yǔ)”或“wasn't/weren't+主語(yǔ)”;如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成(一般沒(méi)有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)),問(wèn)句要用“haven't/hasn't+主語(yǔ)”。

She must have read the novel last week, didn’t she

她上星期一定讀了這本小說(shuō),不是嗎

You must have told her about it, haven’t you

你一定把這事告訴她了,不是嗎

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):反義疑問(wèn)句的回答

回答反意疑問(wèn)句通常應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來(lái)確定,如有人問(wèn)你You are asleep, aren’t you 你應(yīng)回答No, I’m not. 因?yàn)榧热荒隳芑卮穑隙氵€沒(méi)有asleep。但如果別人問(wèn)你 You aren’t asleep, are you(你還沒(méi)有睡著,對(duì)嗎),你也只能回答No, I’m not.(是的,還沒(méi)有睡著),而不能回答為Yes, I’m not. 也不能回答成 Yes, I am.

“It is a beautiful flower,isn't it” “It isn't a beautiful flower,is it”

上述兩句句子的回答肯定均為“Yes,it is."否定為“No,it isn't."

由上述例子可知,反義疑問(wèn)句回答與句子本身所包含的中文肯定與否的含義并無(wú)太大關(guān)聯(lián),只需注意事實(shí),肯定即用yes,否定用no,無(wú)需考慮句子原本是前否后肯或是前肯后否。

建議在答題時(shí),先按照實(shí)際寫后面的答句,再根據(jù)前后一致原則寫Yes或No。

推薦閱讀:

2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):泛指與特指
2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):With引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立主格
2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):be to do
2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的辨析

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