在日常的學(xué)習(xí)、工作、生活中，肯定對各類范文都很熟悉吧。范文書寫有哪些要求呢？我們怎樣才能寫好一篇范文呢？下面是小編為大家收集的優(yōu)秀范文，供大家參考借鑒，希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
英語四級萬能句,虛擬語氣有哪些 英語四級虛擬語氣題目含答案篇一
your next vacation, why not consider visiting pairs? paris is one
of the liveliest cities in g has lots of wonderful sights, including the great wall, the
summer palace and so has everything---beautiful views, friendly people and exciting
things to can take photos in the summer palace and try delicious chinese food in wangfujing ai is a good place to go can buy lots of gifts for
your winter vacation, i went to beijing with my had a
great time the morning we went to the palace museum where we leant a lot
about chinese culture and buildings there were so amazing that i took a lot of the day, we climbed the hills and enjoyed the beautiful night, we sang songs, danced and told stories happily by the winter vacation, i will volunteer my time to help l years have time my parents repeat the story, we cannot help giving a hearty(衷心的)laugh.10.i closed my eyes to feel the sun, the breeze and the fresh air with my ’s a very good trip, and we all enjoyed i have another holiday, i will go there is on the farm that i get to know the meaning of the saying, “ a grain, a sweat.”（“一滴汗水，一份收獲”）
helps you stay away from the noise and pollution of the also gets you closer to experience in beijing is so impressive that i will never forget it.關(guān)于旅游的作文句
1． 關(guān)于你的下一個假期，為什么不考慮參觀巴黎呢？巴黎是歐洲最有
活力的城市之一。
2． 北京有許多很棒的景點(diǎn)，包括長城頤和園等等。
3． 它什么都有——美麗的景點(diǎn)、友好的人們以及讓人激動的事情。你
可以在頤和園照相并且在王府井大街嘗美味的中國食物。
4． 上海是一個購物的好地方。你可以給朋友買許多禮物。
5． 上個寒假，我和父母去了上海。我們玩得很高興。
6.上午我們?nèi)チ斯蕦m，在那我們了解了許多中國文化和歷史。那的建筑物是如此令人吃驚我們照了許多照片。
7.白天，我們爬山并欣賞美麗的風(fēng)景。晚上，我們繞著篝火開心地唱歌跳舞。
8.這個寒假，我將用我的時間做志愿者幫助別人。
9.幾年過去了，每當(dāng)父母舊事重提，我們都忍不住開心一笑。
10.我閉上眼睛，用心感受陽光、微風(fēng)和清新的空氣。
11.旅游幫助你遠(yuǎn)離城市的喧囂與污染。它也幫助你離大自然更近。
12.在北京的經(jīng)歷是如此讓人印象深刻我永遠(yuǎn)也無法忘記。
英語四級萬能句,虛擬語氣有哪些 英語四級虛擬語氣題目含答案篇二
英語作文常用句式
一、引出開頭
1：it is well-known to us that……（我們都知道……）==as far as my knowledge is concerned, …（就我所知…）
2：recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus.== nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……問題引起了關(guān)注）
3：nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（現(xiàn)今，人口過剩已成為我們不得不面對的問題）
4：internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已在我們的生活扮演著越來越重要的角色，它給我們帶來了許多好處但也產(chǎn)生了一些嚴(yán)重的問題）
5：with the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……
（隨著科技的迅速發(fā)展，越來越多的人認(rèn)為……）
6：it is a common belief that……==it is commonly believed that……（人們一般認(rèn)為……）
7：a lot of people seem to think that……
（很多人似乎認(rèn)為……）8: it is universally acknowledged that + 句子
（全世界都知道...）
is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.人類正面臨著一個嚴(yán)重的問題……，這個問題變得越來越嚴(yán)重。
10.______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.…已成為人的關(guān)注的熱門話題，特別是在年青人當(dāng)中，將引發(fā)激烈的辯論。11.______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.…在我們的日常生活中起著越來越重要的作用，它給我們帶來了許多好處，但同時也引發(fā)一些嚴(yán)重的問題。
ing to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ sly，______，but why? 根據(jù)圖表/數(shù)字/統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字/表格中的百分比/圖表/條形圖/成形圖可以看出……。很顯然……，但是為什么呢？
present/nowadays, one phenomenon calls for/deserves people’s attention is that: …
目前，一種現(xiàn)象引起了人們的注意：…
controversial issue often brought into public focus is that:…
一種經(jīng)常引起公眾爭議的問題是：
phenomenon of____ has given rise to a heated discussion.一種…的現(xiàn)象經(jīng)常引起人們的熱烈討論.二、表達(dá)不同觀點(diǎn)
's views on……vary from person to hold that……h(huán)owever, others believe that……
（人們對……的觀點(diǎn)因人而異，有些人認(rèn)為……然而其他人卻認(rèn)為……） may have different opinions on……（人們對……可能會持有不同見解）des towards（drugs）vary from person to person.==different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）
（人們對待吸毒的態(tài)度因人而異） are different opinions among people as to……（對于……人們的觀點(diǎn)大不相同）
5.關(guān)于……人們有不同的觀點(diǎn)。一些人認(rèn)為……
there are different opinions among people as to people suggest that ____.6.俗話說（常言道）……，它是我們前輩的經(jīng)歷，但是，即使在今天，它在許多場合仍然適用。
there is an old ’s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.7.現(xiàn)在，……，它們給我們的日常生活帶來了許多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更為糟糕的是……。
today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily , ____ second, makes things worse is that______.8.現(xiàn)在，……很普遍，許多人喜歡……，因?yàn)椤硗猓ǘ遥?/p>
nowadays，it is common to people like ______ because s，______.9.任何事物都是有兩面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.10.關(guān)于……人們的觀點(diǎn)各不相同，一些人認(rèn)為（說）……，在他們看來，…… people’s opinions about ______ vary from person to people say that them, _____.三． 提出自己的觀點(diǎn)
1.至于我，在某種程度上我同意后面的觀點(diǎn)，我認(rèn)為……
as far as i am concerned, i agree with the latter opinion to some extent.i think that ____.2.但是，……和……都有它們各自的優(yōu)勢（好處）。例如，……，而……。然而，把這兩者相比較，我更傾向于（喜歡）……
but ______and ______have their own example, _____, ing this with that, however, i prefer to______.3.就我個人而言，我相信……，因此，我堅(jiān)信美好的未來正等著我們。因?yàn)椤? personally, i believe uently, i’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.4.至于我（對我來說，就我而言），我認(rèn)為……更合理。只有這樣，我們才能…… for my part, i think it reasonable in this way can you _____.5.對我來說，我認(rèn)為有必要……。原因如下：第一，……； 第二，……；最后……但同樣重要的是……
in my opinion, i think it necessary reasons are as but not least,______.6.在總體上很難說……是好還是壞，因?yàn)樗诤艽蟪潭壬先Q于……的形勢。然而，就我個人而言，我發(fā)現(xiàn)……。
it is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation r, from a personal point of view find______.四．中間段落句
1.相反，有一些人贊成……，他們相信……，而且，他們認(rèn)為……。
on the contrary，there are some people in favor of the same time，they say____.2.但是，我認(rèn)為這不是解決……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。
but i don’t think it is a very good way to solve example， of all，___.3.……對我們國家的發(fā)展和建設(shè)是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……
______is necessary and important to our country’s development and ，’s more, important of all,______.4.有幾個可供我們采納的方法。首先，我們可以……。
there are several measures for us to , we can______
5.面臨……，我們應(yīng)該采取一系列行之有效的方法來……。一方面……，另一方面，confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to one thing，______for another，______
6.早就應(yīng)該拿出行動了。比如說……，另外……。所有這些方法肯定會……。
it is high time that something was done about these measures will certainly______.7.為什么……？第一個原因是……；第二個原因是……；第三個原因是……?？偟膩碚f，……的主要原因是由于……
why______? the first reason is that second reason is third is all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.8.然而，正如任何事物都有好壞兩個方面一樣，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。
however, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.9.盡管如此，我相信……更有利。
nonetheless, i believe that ______is more advantageous.10.完全同意……這種觀點(diǎn)（陳述），主要理由如下：
i fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.五、表示結(jié)尾
short, it can be said that……（總之，他的意思是……）
what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……（從上面提到的，我們可以得出結(jié)論……）
all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的這些因素加以考慮，我們自然可以得出結(jié)論……）/therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我們最好的出這樣的結(jié)論……）
is no doubt that(job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.（毫無疑問，跳槽有優(yōu)點(diǎn)也有缺點(diǎn)）
in all, we cannot live without……, but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（總之，我們沒有……無法生活，但同時我們必須尋求新的解決辦法來面對可能出現(xiàn)的新問題）
7.總而言之，整個社會應(yīng)該密切關(guān)注……這個問題。只有這樣，我們才能在將來……。
in a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of in this way can ______in the future.8.隨著社會的發(fā)展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每個人都愿為社會貢獻(xiàn)自己的一份力量，這個社會將要變得越來越好。
with the development of society, it’s urgent and necessary to every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.9.綜上所述，我們可以清楚地得出結(jié)論……
from what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____.10.如果我們不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了這種趨勢，就會出現(xiàn)一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我們應(yīng)該做的是……
if we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.六、提出建議
1：it is high time that we put an end to the(trend).（該是我們停止這一趨勢的時候了）
2：there is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫無疑問，對……問題應(yīng)予以足夠重視）
3：obviously, if we want to do something … it is essential that……（顯然，如果我們想要做么事，很重要的是……）4：only in this way can we ……（只有這樣，我們才能……）5：spare no effort to + v
（不遺余力的）
七、預(yù)示后果 1：obviously，if we don't control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in danger.（很明顯，如果我們不能控制這一問題，很有可能我們會陷入危險）2：no doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ……（毫無疑問，除非我們采取有效措施，否則我們很可能會……）3：it is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation（很緊迫的是應(yīng)立即采取措施阻止這一事態(tài)的發(fā)展）
八、表示論證 1：from my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.(在我看來，支持第一種觀點(diǎn)比第二種更有道理)2：i cannot entirely agree with the idea that……（我無法完全同意這一觀點(diǎn)）3：as far as i am concerned/in my opinion,……（就我來說……）4：i sincerely believe that……==i am greatly convinced(that)從句.（我真誠地相信……）
5：finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……（最后，坦率地說，還有另外一個實(shí)際的原因……）
九、給出原因
1：the reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子（...的原因是...）
2: this phenomenon exists for a number of ,…….second,…….third，……。
這一現(xiàn)象存在有很多原因的，第一……第二……第三……
3：for one thing,…… for another thing，…… ==on the one hand,……on the other hand……一方面……另一方面……
4：i quite agree with the statement that……the reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分贊同這一論述，即……。其主要原因如下。
十、列出解決辦法和批判錯誤觀點(diǎn)做法
1：the best way to solve the troubles is……解決這些麻煩的最好辦法是…… 2：as far as something is concerned,……就某事而言，…… 3;it is obvious that……
很顯然……
4：it may be true that……but it doesn't mean that…… 可能……是對的，但這并不意味著……
5;it is natural to believe that……but we shouldn't ignore that…… 認(rèn)為……是自然的，但我們不應(yīng)忽視……
6：there is no evidence to suggest that……沒有證據(jù)表明……
十一、表示好處和壞處
1：it has the following advantages.它有如下優(yōu)勢: 2：it is beneficial/harmful to us.==it is of great benefit/harm to us.它對我們有益處 3: it has more disadvantages than advantage.他有很多不足之處
十二、表示重要、方便、可能
1：it is important(necessary/difficult/convenient/possible)for sb to do sth.對于某人做……是……
2：it plays an important role in our life.十三、采取措施
1：we should take some effective measures.我們應(yīng)該采取有效措施 2：we should try our best to overcome/conquer the difficulties.我們應(yīng)該盡最大努力去克服困難
3：we should do our utmost in doing sth.我們應(yīng)該盡力去做……
4：we should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced with.我們應(yīng)該解決我們面臨的困難
十四、顯示變化
1：some changes have taken place in the past five years.過去五年發(fā)生了很多變化 2：great changes will certainly be produced in the international communications.在國際交流中理所當(dāng)然會發(fā)生很多大的變化
3：it has increased/decreased from…to…他已經(jīng)從…增加/減少到… 4：the output of july in this factory increased by 15%.這個工廠7月份產(chǎn)量以增加了15%
十五、表明事實(shí)現(xiàn)狀
1;we cannot ignore the fact that……我們不能忽略這個事實(shí)…… 2：no one can deny the fact that……沒人能否認(rèn)這個事實(shí)…… 3：this is a phenomenon that many people are interested in… 4: be closely related to …
（與...息息相關(guān)）
十六、進(jìn)行比較
1：compared with a,b……
與a比較，b…… 2;i prefer to read rather than watch tv.十七、常用英語諺語
1：actions speak louder than words.事實(shí)勝于雄辯 2：all is not gold that glitters.發(fā)光的未必都是金子 3：all roads lead to rome.條條大路通羅馬
4：a good beginning is half done.良好的開端是成功的一半 5：every advantage has its disadvantage有利必有弊 6：a miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，差之千里 7：failure is the mother of success.失敗是成功之母 8: industry is the parent of success.勤奮是成功之母 9: it is never too old to learn.活到老，學(xué)到老 10: knowledge is power.知識就是力量
11: nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上無難事，只怕有心人
提綱式作文寫作模板
1、對立觀點(diǎn)式
a.有人認(rèn)為x 是好事，贊成x，為什么？
b.有人認(rèn)為x 是壞事，反對x，為什么？
c.我的看法。
some people are in favor of the idea of doing point out the fact that 支持x 的第一個原因。they also argue that 支持x 的另一個原因。however, other people stand on a different consider it harmful to do firmly point out that 反對x 的第一個理由。an example can give the details of this argument: there is some truth in both i think the advantages of x overweigh the addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, x also may x 的有一個壞處。
2、批駁觀點(diǎn)式
a．一個錯誤觀點(diǎn)。
b．我不同意。many people argue that 錯誤觀點(diǎn)。by saying that, they mean 對這個觀點(diǎn)的進(jìn)一步解釋。an example they have presented is that 一個例子。(according to a survey performed by x on a group of y, almost 80% of them 贊成這個錯誤觀點(diǎn)或者受到這個錯誤觀點(diǎn)的影響)。there might be some element of truth in these people's if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 與錯誤觀點(diǎn)相反的觀點(diǎn)。there are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下參照辯論文的議論文寫法)。
3、社會問題(現(xiàn)象)式
a．一個社會問題或者現(xiàn)象
b．產(chǎn)生的原因
c．對社會和我們生活的影響
d．如何杜絕。(如果是問題的話)
e．前景的預(yù)測。
nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem.(x has increasingly become a common concern of the public).according to a survey, 調(diào)查內(nèi)容說明這種現(xiàn)象的情況。(或者是一個例子)。there are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面參照辯論式議論文寫法。x has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.參照辯論式議論文的寫法。a dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent x from bringing us more harm.同上based on the above discussions, i can easily forecast that more and more people will……
辯論式議論文模版
（一）some people believe(argue, recognize, think)that
other people take an opposite firmly believe that
for me, i agree to the former/latter are a dozen of reasons behind my of all， importantly， important of all， summary, 總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)。as a college student, i am supposed to 表決心?；騠rom above, we can predict that 預(yù)測。
辯論式議論文模版
（二）people hold different views about people are of the opinion that
others point out that
far as i am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more one thing， another， but not the least， conclude, a college student, i am supposed to 表決心。或from above, we can predict that 預(yù)測。
辯論式議論文模版
（三）there is no consensus of opinions among people about x(爭論的焦點(diǎn))。some people are of the view that
others take an opposite side, firmly believing that
far as i am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many reasons are of all，rmore， all of the supporting evidences, one is the is, 論據(jù)3.a natural conclusion from the above discussion is that 總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)。as a college student, i am supposed to 表決心?；?from above, we can predict that 預(yù)測。
虛擬語氣（subjunctive mood）
虛擬語氣（subjunctive mood）這一語法項(xiàng)目是各類英語考試中心測試的重點(diǎn)之一。虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式，用來表示說話人所說的話并不是事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測。判斷是真實(shí)條件句還是非真實(shí)條件句。只有在非真實(shí)條件句中才使用虛擬語氣。通過句子意思，看假設(shè)的條件是否能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)是真實(shí)條件句，不能使用虛擬語氣；假設(shè)的條件不能實(shí)現(xiàn)則是非真實(shí)條件句，要用虛擬語氣。判斷這個假設(shè)是與哪個事實(shí)相反。通常有三種情況：①與過去事實(shí)相反。②與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。③與將來事實(shí)可能相反。一．if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中
1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：（從句謂語動詞）動詞的過去式(be用were而不用was)
（主句謂語動詞）
should/ would /could/ might+動詞原形 與過去事實(shí)相反：（從句謂語動詞）had + 過去分詞
（主句謂語動詞）should/ would/could/might + have+過去分詞 與將來事實(shí)相反：（從句謂語動詞）+動詞原形 2.動詞過去式
to+動詞原形
（主句謂語動詞）should/ would/ could/ might +動詞原形
2.省略if 采用倒裝語序的條件句。有時可以把含有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、be或have的虛擬條件句中的連詞if省去，而將had，should，were 等詞提到主語之前，即用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。if he had worked harder，he would have got through the exams.== had he worked harder，he would have got through the he were to leave today，he would get there by friday.==were he to leave today，he would get there by i were in your place，i wouldn’t do that.==were i in your place，i wouldn’t do that.3.有時虛擬條件句并沒用if 從句表示出來，而是用介詞短語（otherwise，or，without，but for）、上下文或其它方式來表示。如：we didn’t know his telephone number;otherwise we would have telephoned t you help，i wouldn’t have achieved so for（“要不是。..。..”的意思）your help，i would not have succeeded.二： 虛擬語氣在從句中用should的情況：
1.在表示建議，要求，命令，想法的動詞后的從句里，用should + 動詞原形，should 可以省略。如 advise，agree，command，decide，demand，determine，grant，indicate，insist，order，prefer，propose，request，require，stipulate，suggest，urge，vote.?？嫉降氖牵?suggest，advise，demand，require，propose，insist，order， doctor suggested that he（should）take short leave of author proposed that tv（should）be turned off at least one hour every day.2.在表示建議，要求，命令，想法的名詞后的從句里，用should + 動詞原形，should可以省略。如 advice，decision，agreement，command，decree，demand，determination，indication，insistence，order，preference，proposal，request，requirement，stipulation was bill’s suggestion that everyone（should）have a suggestion was that everyone（should）have a gave us a suggestion that everyone（should）have a map.3.在it is/was +形容詞后的that 從句中用should的結(jié)構(gòu)，should 可以省略。這類形容詞常見的有： advisable，anxious，compulsory，crucial，desirable，eager，essential，fitting，imperative（絕對必要），impossible，improper，important，natural，necessary，obligatory，possible，preferable，probable，recommended，urgent，vital ’s natural that she（should）do is essential that we（should）tell her the news.4.在 lest 和 for fear that（以免），in case（以防）從句中用should，should 可以省略。
she walked quietly lest she（should）wake up her your gun ready in case we should need it.三： wish 后的 that 從句中：
1.表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿瑥木渲羞^去式。i wish i knew his address.i wish i were young.2.表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句用過去完成式或would，could，might + had + 過去分詞。
i wish you had written to him.3.如果將wish改成wished，其后that 從句中動詞的形式不變。
4.如果that 從句中用would，一般表示 對現(xiàn)狀不滿或希望未來有所改變或請求 i wish he would answer my letter.i wish prices would come down.i wish you would help me.i wish you would stop asking silly questions.四： 在 it’s about/ high/ first（second，third etc）time 后的that 從句中，用過去式。表示“該是做什么的時候了”
it is about time you were in is high time we is the first time i came here.五： 在if only（“如果。..。就好了”的意思）感嘆句中，謂語動詞與wish賓語從句的虛擬形式相同。
if only he didn’t drive so fast?。ìF(xiàn)在）if only she had asked someone’s advice.（過去）if only the rain would stop.（將來）
六： 在as if / as though 從句中，表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑，用過去式;表示過去想象中的動作或情況，用過去完成式。
he speaks as if he were on the spoke to me as if i were device operated as though it had been repaired.注： 1.在 as if / as though 句中，如果有可能成為事實(shí)，用陳述語氣。he looks as if he is going to be ill.2.在 insist 后的從句中，如果是堅(jiān)持自己，用陳述語氣，堅(jiān)持別人做什么事情，用虛擬語氣。
she insists that she is insisted that i should finish the work at once.
英語四級萬能句,虛擬語氣有哪些 英語四級虛擬語氣題目含答案篇三
英語四級語法備戰(zhàn)-虛擬語氣大總結(jié)
概述：
如果你看到下列的句子，你會認(rèn)為它們是正確的還是錯的呢？ 1.i wish i were a request that you be here tomorrow.也許你會說:“哈哈，第一句的 i were 錯了，應(yīng)該是 i was；而第二句中的 you be是什么東東呀？不是 you are, 也不是 you will be, 什么 you be?!” 其實(shí)上面的句子都是一種稱為 subjunctive 類型的句子。subjunctive mood 有的書譯為“假設(shè)語氣”，雖不很貼切；但在相當(dāng)大的程度上，告訴我們這種句子的特點(diǎn)。subjunctive mood中文譯作“虛擬語氣”，似乎不及“假設(shè)語氣”那么容易明白。它是一種動詞形式，表示說話人的某種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑、猜測、建議等含義。
基本上，虛擬語氣可分為虛擬現(xiàn)在(subjunctive present)和虛擬過去(subjunctive past)兩種；但它們和時態(tài)(tenses)上所指的現(xiàn)在時態(tài)(present tense)和過去時態(tài)(past tense)是有所不同的
一、虛擬現(xiàn)在(subjunctive present):
虛擬現(xiàn)在的句子，在任何時候都要用動詞的原形(root form)，就算是第三人稱(he,she, it)也是如此。如：
1.1 現(xiàn)在時態(tài)(simple present):(右邊為虛擬語氣)i work----i work you work----you work he works----he work(注意到了嗎，是 work，不是 works)she works----she work(不是 she works 喔）
it works----it work(同樣不是 it works 喔)we work----we work they work----they work 1.2 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)(present continuous)右邊為虛擬語氣）
i am working----i be working(注意用的是 be，怪怪的!)
you are working----you be working he is working----he be working she is working----she be working it is working----it be working we are working----we be working they are woring----they be working 1.3 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)(present perfect)右邊為虛擬語氣)i have worked----i have worked you have worked----you have worked he has worked-----he have worked(用的還是have喔)she has worked----she have worked it has worked----it have worked we have worked----we have worked they have worked----they have worked 1.4 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)(present perfect continuous)右邊為虛擬語氣)i have been working----i have been working you have been working----you have been working he has been working----he have been working(是 he have, 不是 he has)she has been working----she have been working it has been working---it have been working we have been working----we have been working they have been working----they have been working
二、虛擬過去(subjunctive past)
虛擬過去的動詞無論在什么情況之下都要用過去復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：動詞 be，在虛擬過去 中要用 were。
2.1 過去時態(tài)(simple past)右邊為虛擬語氣)i worked----i worked you worked----you worked he worked----he worked she worked----she worked it worked----it worked we worked----we worked they worked----they worked 2.2 過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)(past continuous)右邊為虛擬語氣)i was working----i were working（注意是 i were）
you were working----you were working he was working----he were working(是 he were 喔)she was working----she were working it was working----it were working we were working----we were working they were working----they were working 2.3 過去完成時態(tài)(past perfect)右邊為虛擬語氣)i had worked----i had worked you had worked----you had worked he had worked----he had worked she had worked----she had worked it had worked----it had worked we had worked----we had worked they had worked----they had worked(耶，全部都用 had!)2.4 過去完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)(past perfect continuous)右邊為虛擬語氣
i had been working----i had been working you had been working----you had been working he had been working----he had been working she had been working----she had been working it had been working----it had been working we had been working----we had been working they had been working----they had been working(全部都是 had been 喔）
三、簡單的祝愿和命令： 3.1 祝愿
you be happy.(注意那個 be)祝你幸福。
you have a good the friendship between us last long, a good journey!祝你旅途愉快！3.2 命令
注意：1.命令虛擬語氣只能用在第二人稱(you)，而且通常省略主語(也就是you)。
2.句子尾通常加上感嘆號：！
3.虛擬語氣動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)(simple present)，如：work, be , go
4.否定形式的命令語氣，可用助動詞 do，加上 not。
! harder! more alert!(虛擬語氣動詞 be) go out! not work so hard.(do not 表示否定的虛擬語氣)'t be afraid.(口語中常用don't 代替 do not)
四、在現(xiàn)在時態(tài)句里，用情態(tài)動詞(modal verb)的過去時態(tài)
(could,might,should,would)表示說話人的謙虛、客氣、有禮、委婉等： you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office.(情態(tài)動詞 would,表示客氣有禮) would be better for you not to stay up too late.(表示委婉)
五、虛擬語氣在賓語從句(subordinate clasue)中的用法： 5.1 在wish后的虛擬語氣賓語從句(可省略它的that)：
表示：a.和現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反；
b.和過去的事實(shí)相反；
c.對將來的主觀愿望。
5.1.1 現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，從句用過去式或過去進(jìn)行式(時間上是同時的)：
1.i wish(that可省略,下同)i knew the answer to the question.(wish, 動詞過去式 knew)
我希望知道這個答案。(事實(shí)上是不知道)2.i wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)
但愿我的家鄉(xiāng)四季如春。(事實(shí)上不可能)3.i wish i were a bird.(wish, were)
但愿我是只小鳥。(事實(shí)上不可能,難道是鳥人？呵呵) she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,過去虛擬動詞were)(事實(shí)上并不在家) that he is in china, he wishes he understood chinese.(wishes,過去虛擬動詞understood)
現(xiàn)在他在中國，他希望能懂得中文。(事實(shí)上并不懂) we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,過去虛擬動詞were)(事實(shí)上并不和我們在一起)5.1.2 過去情況的虛擬，從句動詞用“had + 過去分詞”（時間上較前): 1.i wish(that可省略，下同)i hadn't wasted so much time.我后悔不該浪費(fèi)這么多時間。(事實(shí)上已浪費(fèi)了) wishes he hadn't lost the chance.他真希望沒有失去機(jī)會。(其實(shí)已失去) wished he had spoken to us.(wished，had + spoken)(事實(shí)上他并沒同我們講)4.i wish you had called earlier.(wish, had + called)(事實(shí)上已遲了) will wish they had listened to us sooner.(will wish,had + listened)(事實(shí)上并不如此)5.1.3 將來情況的虛擬(表示將來的主觀愿望)，從句動詞用“would/should/could/might + 動詞原形”(時間上較后):
(請注意：主句和從句的主語不相同喔)1.i wish it would stop raining.(虛擬動詞would+動詞原形stop)
我希望雨能停止。(事實(shí)上雨還在下著呢)2.i wish you would be quiet.(would + be)
我希望你安靜一些。(事實(shí)上那家伙還在吵著呢) wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)
你希望她第二天會到。(事實(shí)上她還沒到)4.i wish she would change her mind.(would + change)
我希望她會改變主意。(呵呵，女孩子可沒那么容易就改變主意喔) will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)
(只是希望我們和他在一起，實(shí)際上還沒在一起)為了這個wish的部份，可花了我不少時間喔。i wish you would appreciate my work.5.2 除了wish之外，下列各動詞(如 suggest)的后面的虛擬語氣賓語從句，其謂語用 ：“should + 動詞原形”表示建議(suggest)、堅(jiān)持(insist)等虛擬語氣： * suggest(建議), recommend(推薦), advise(勸告), propose(建議)* insist(堅(jiān)持), consent(允諾)* decide(決定), order(命令)* request(要求), demand(要求), desire(期望), ask(要求)* maintain(主張), urge(催促)1.i suggest that we(should 可省略,下同)start the meeting at once.(suggest, should + start)(表示建議立即開會) doctor suggested that he(should)try to lose his weight.(suggested, should + try)(表示建議你應(yīng)該減肥喔) insisted that all of us(should)be there on time by any mains.(insisted, should + be)(表示堅(jiān)持,無論如何都要準(zhǔn)時到那兒。你再講也沒用哩！) insisted that we(should)tell him the news.(insisted, should + tell)(表示非要你告訴他不可) ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves.(ordered, should + wash)(表示命令學(xué)生們每周自己洗衣服)
六、虛擬語氣在表語從句、同位語從句中的用法：
下列名詞后的表語從句或同位語從句，也用“should + 動詞原形” 表示虛擬語氣： * demand(要求), desire(請求),requirment(要求)* advice(勸告), recommendation(建議),suggestion(建議)* order(命令)* necessity(必要地), preference(優(yōu)先)* proposal(計(jì)劃), plan(計(jì)劃), idea(辦法) advice is that we(should 可省略，下同)leave at once.(名詞advice，should + leave)(表示加以勸告) idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.(idea, should + get)(表示做出主意)3.i make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.(proposal, should + hold)(表示做出計(jì)劃)虛擬語氣之類的語法真是錯綜復(fù)雜，不是一時半刻就能弄清楚的。再會
七、虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法
句型：it is(或was)+ 形容詞(或過去分詞)+ that …… +should + 動詞原 形……
句子：it is natural that she should do so.(形容詞natural, should+動詞原 形do)常用的形容詞：
* natural(自然的), appropriate(適當(dāng)?shù)?,advisable(合適的), preferable(更可取的), better(更好的)* necessary(必須的), important(重要的), imperative(急需的), urgent(急迫的), essential(本質(zhì)的), vital(必不可少的)* probable(很可能的), possible(可能的)* desirable(極好的)常用的過去分詞(past participle): * required(需要的), demanded(要求), requested(被請求的), desired(要求)* suggested(建議), recommended(推薦)* orderd(命令) is necessary that we(should 可省略,下同）have a walk now.(necessary, should + have)(表示有需要去散步) was necessary that we(should)make everything ready ahead of time.(necessary, should + make)(表示有必要事先做好準(zhǔn)備) is required that nobody(should)smoke here.(required, should + smoke)(表示要求不要在此抽煙) is important that every pupil(should)be able to understand the rule of school.(important, should + be)(表示重要的是學(xué)生都能了解校規(guī))'s important that we(should)take good care of the patient.(important, should + take)(表示重要的是照顧好病人)
八、虛擬語氣在條件從句(protasis)中的用法： 條件從句有兩類：（1）真實(shí)條件句；（2）虛擬條件句。如果假設(shè)情況有可能發(fā)生的，就是“真實(shí)條件句”。如：
time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有時間的話，我們就一起去釣魚。）如果假設(shè)的情況與事實(shí)相反，則為“虛擬條件句”。如：
it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的話，我們就會留在家里。）這回我們要談的就是關(guān)于“虛擬條件句”的一些句型。
* 這種句子一般由“從句”（subordinate clause)和“主句”(main clause)組成。如上 例：
if it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.“if it had rained yesterday” 就是“從句”；“we would have stayed at home” 則為“主句。
* 無論”從句“或”主句“的謂語都要用虛擬語氣。它們所用的動詞有三種時態(tài)(tenses)，就是：
現(xiàn)在時態(tài)、過去時態(tài)、將來時態(tài)。* 句型：
8.1 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)(事情的發(fā)生都在同一時間內(nèi)): 從句：if + 主語 + 動詞的過去式(be 用 were)+ ……
主句：主語 + would(should, could , might)+ 動詞原形 + ……
i were you, i would go with him.(從句 if i were you, 主句 i would go with him.) i were you, i should buy it.(從句用過去式動詞were，主句用動詞原形 buy) i had time, i would study french.(如果有時間，我會學(xué)習(xí)法文。）
（從句用過去式動詞had，主句用動詞原形 study）
she knew english, she would not ask me for help.(如果她懂英文，她就不必要我?guī)土恕?
(從句用過去式動詞knew, 主句用動詞原形ask)注意：如果動作在進(jìn)行中，主句要用：”主語 + would be + 進(jìn)行式動詞 + ……“ they were here, he would be speaking to them now.(從句用過去式動詞were, 主句用 would be speaking)8.2 與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)(假設(shè)從句的事實(shí)為過去的事)：
從句：if + 主語 + had +過去完成式動詞 + ……
主句：主語 + would(should, could, might)+ have +過去完成式動詞 +……
you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.(從句動詞用had studied, 主句動詞用have passed)
如果你在上個學(xué)期用功一些，你就會在考試中過關(guān)了。
you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam.(從句動詞用had taken, 主句動詞用have failed)
如果你當(dāng)時聽從我的勸告的話，你就不會在考試中失敗了。
you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.(從句動詞用had got up, 主句動詞用 have caught)
如果你起身得早一點(diǎn)，你就會趕得上火車了。 it had snowed, i would have skied in the park.(從句動詞用had snowed, 主句動詞用 have skied)
如果下雪的話，我就可在公園里滑雪了。
注意：如果動作在進(jìn)行中，主句要用：”i主語 + would + have + 完成進(jìn)行式動詞+……
they had been here, he would have been speaking to them.(從句動詞用had been, 主句動詞用 have been speaking)8.3 與將來的事實(shí)可能相反(對將來的事實(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性不大)：
從句：if + 主語 + should(或were)+ 動詞原形 +……
主句：主語 + would(could, should, might)+ 動詞原形 +……
it should rain, the crops would be saved.(從句動詞用should rain，主句動詞用 be)
如果天下雨，莊稼可能就收獲了。
he were to go fomorrow, he might tell you.(從句動詞用were to, 主句動詞用 tell)
如果明天他走的話，他可能會告訴你。
he were here, i would give him the books.(從句動詞用 were, 主句動詞用 give)
如果他在這兒，我可能會把書給他。
注意：如果動作在進(jìn)行中，從句(不是主句喔)要用：“if + 主語 + 過去進(jìn)行式動詞+……” she were staying here now, i would let her ride my horse.(從句動詞用 were staying, 主句動詞用 let)
如果她現(xiàn)在留在這兒，我可能會讓她騎我的馬。
8.4 從句的 if 有時可省略，那么從句中的動詞(were, had, should)就得移到主語前 面：
1.原句：if she were younger, she would do it.去if：were she younger, she would do it.(把動詞were移到主語she的前面)2.原句：if he had tried it, he could have done it.去if：had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主語he的前面)8.5 有時虛擬條件句的從句或主句都可以省略其中一個：
1.i could help you.(只有主句）
i had time.(只有從句）
should have come to the meeting.(只有主句) he had much more money.(只有從句)8.6 有時虛擬條件句的從句和主句地動詞動作時態(tài)會不一致：
8.6.1 從句表示過去，主句表示將來：
if they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.8.6.2 從句表示將來，主句表示過去：
if i were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, i would have gone to see the film with you last night.8.6.3 從句表示過去，主句表示將來：
if we hadn't made adequate preparations, we shouldn't dare to do the experiment next week.8.6.4 從句表示將來，主句表示現(xiàn)在：
if we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, i would go shopping now.九、其他虛擬語氣在句子中的應(yīng)用：
9.1 用as if(或 as though 好象)的狀語從句，表示與事實(shí)相反：
pretends as if he didn't know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.（用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)）
他假裝好象完全不懂那事，其實(shí)他對那事非常了解。
old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.(用過去完成式表示與過去相反的事實(shí))
那老人看著照片，他覺得仿佛回到20年前的時光。
talked and talked as if they would never meet again.(would + 原形動詞meet，表示與將來事實(shí)相反)
他們談了又談，仿佛他們不會再相見的樣子。
9.2 用 had hoped 表示原來希望做到而實(shí)際上未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情。
其賓語從句的謂語要用“would + 動詞原形”：
1.i had hoped that she would go to the study there, but she said she liked to stay in china.我原本希望她到美國去念書，但她說她喜歡留在中 國。
9.3 用 without / but for / in the absence of 表示“要不是”、“如果沒有”，表 示條件虛擬句：
t air, nothing could live.要是沒有空氣，什么也不能生存。
for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.要不是你的幫忙，我們是難有成就的。
the absence of water and air, nothing could live.如果沒有水和空氣，什么也不能生存。練習(xí)：
surely desire that the tour leader us immediately of any change in the travel schedules.√ s ed informed at the terrible trouble i your advice! √ followed follow followed 3.i wish go to the movie with you tonight, but i have to finish myhomework then.a.i can √b.i could c.i will d.i would ble, we would certainly have sent him to the was n’t john √ john been had been 5.i would have come sooner but i that you were ’t known ’t known √’t know known you had told me in advance, i him at the airport.√ have met meet met ody has ’s time we the meeting. start started start √d does not dare to leave the house in will recognize √ should be recognized
is recognized recognizes in looked as though he ill for a long been √ been 10.i’d rather you about it for the time ’t think √’t think not think not thought is necessary that mark in time to attend the meeting.√ come is working hard for fear that behind fall behind √ fall behind fall behind is imperative that hurst wood to hospital at taken be taken √ be taken be taken driver looked over the engine carefully lest it on the down down break down √ break down ow, i ivory would surely be she comes she comes break down √ break down
is highly desirable that a new chairman for the be elected elected √ elected talks as if she on the √ been 18.i didn’t go to the i do wish i √ been is requested that every student a plan for the nest √ make make librarian recommended that the professor the newly published books.√ ed have borrowed ing if she there, margaret could not have done anything being √ been
22.i don’t think it advisable that darcy the job as a secretary since he has no experience.√ assigned be assigned assigned been assigned
英語四級萬能句,虛擬語氣有哪些 英語四級虛擬語氣題目含答案篇四
高考英語之虛擬語氣歸納整理
英語的動詞有三種語氣形式，即陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。陳述語氣用來說明事實(shí)或就事實(shí)提出詢問，可用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句中；祈使語氣用于表示請求、命令、建議或警告等。虛擬語氣是謂語動詞的一種特殊形式，用來表達(dá)假設(shè)、主觀愿望、猜測、建議、可能或空想等非真實(shí)情況。如：
1.虛擬語氣
he is honest.他很誠實(shí)。（陳述語氣）
don‘t be late next time.下次別遲到。（祈使語氣）
if i were you，i would not go.我要是你，我就不會去。（虛擬語氣）i wish i had a lot of money.要是我有很多很多錢就好了。（虛擬語氣）2第一類
虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法：
條件句有真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句兩種。真實(shí)條件句所表示的假設(shè)是有可能發(fā)生的，此時主句不用虛擬語氣；而虛擬條件句則表示一種假想，與事實(shí)相反或不大可能會發(fā)生，此時用虛擬語氣。如： if i have time，i will go.假若我有時間，我就去。（陳述語氣）
if i were you，i would go.假若我是你，我就去。（虛擬語氣）
條件句的謂語時態(tài)類型 主句謂語形式 例句 形式
i were you, i should 動詞過去式 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)would/should/could/might+ v原study 相反 形 2.i would certainly go if *be 多用were i had time. you had taken my
advice, you would not have 動詞過去完成would/should/could/might + failed in the test.式 have done i had left a little had done earlier, i would have caught the train.與過去事實(shí)相反
you came tomorrow, we ①動詞過去式 would have the meeting.① 與將來事實(shí)would/should/could/might + v②should +v it were to rain 相反 原形 原 tomorrow, the meeting ③were + to do would be put off.③
*規(guī)律總結(jié)：從句都往過去推一個時態(tài)，如：與現(xiàn)在相反的if從句就用過去時；與過去相反用過去完成時（即過去的過去）
注：特別說明
1、l would/should/could/might主句謂語中的should主要用于第一人稱后；would表示結(jié)果還表示過去經(jīng)常常常做某事，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允許或可能性。比較：
if you tried again，you would succeed.要是你再試一試，你就會成功的。(would表結(jié)果)if you tried again，you might succeed.要是你再試一試，你可能會成功的。(might表可能)if you tried again，you could succeed.要是你再試一試，你就能成功了。(could表能力)
2、錯綜時間虛擬條件句 即條件從句與主句所指時間不一致，如從句指過去，而主句即指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚藭r應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語境情況，結(jié)合上面提到的三種基本類型對時態(tài)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整：
if it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.要是昨晚下過雨的話，現(xiàn)在地面就會是濕的。
you would be much better now if you had taken my advice.假若你當(dāng)時聽我的話，你現(xiàn)在就會好多了。
3、if虛擬條件句的否定（含蓄條件句）?？純蓚€句型：if it weren’t for?和if it hadn’t been for?，其意為“若不是(有)” “要不是”。如：
if it weren’t for water, no plant could grow.要是沒有水植物就無法生長。
if it hadn’t been for your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.=but for your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.=without your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.如果沒有你的幫助，我們不會成功的。
4、if虛擬條件句的倒裝形式，即把were, had, should置于句首。例：
were i in school again(= if i were in school again), i would work harder.如果我能再上一次學(xué)，我會學(xué)習(xí)得更努力。
had you asked me, i would have told you.(=if you had asked me,?)如果你問我，我會告訴你。
3第二類
使用虛擬語氣的常見結(jié)構(gòu)或從句：
1.*wish與hope接賓語從句的區(qū)別在于：hope表示一般可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望，賓語從句用陳述語氣。wish表示很難或不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望,賓語從句用虛擬語氣。試比較：
（1）we hope they will come.(we don’t know if they can come.)
（2）we wish they could come.(we know they are not coming.)我們希望他們能來。
only 與 i wish一樣，也用于表示與事實(shí)相反的愿望，其后所虛擬語氣的時態(tài)與 wish后所接時態(tài)的情況相同：
if only she had had more courage!她再勇敢一些就好了。
if only i had listened to my parents!我要是當(dāng)時聽了父母的話就好了。
if only she would go with me!她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!
*if only 通常獨(dú)立使用，沒有主句。
rather后句子用虛擬語氣 只分現(xiàn)在和過去
在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon后的that從句中, 句子謂語習(xí)慣上要用虛擬語氣，表示“寧愿做什么”，具體用法為：
① 一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?/p>
i’d rather you went tomorrow(now).我寧愿你明天(現(xiàn)在)去。
② 用過去完成時表過去的愿望
i’d rather you hadn’t said it.我真希望你沒有這樣說過。
if(though)從句用虛擬語氣
以as if(as though)引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句或表語從句，有時用虛擬語氣,則與wish用法相同，例： he acts as if he knew me.他顯得認(rèn)識我似的。
they treat me as though i were a stranger.他們待我如陌生人。
he talks as if he had been abroad.他說起話來好像曾經(jīng)出過國。
注：兩點(diǎn)說明
(1)從句所表示的內(nèi)容若為事實(shí)或可能為事實(shí)，也可用陳述語氣：
it looks as if we’ll be late.我們似乎要遲到了。
(2)注意 it isn’t as if?的翻譯：
it isn’t as if he were poor.他不像窮的樣子(或他又不窮)。
4第三類
從句中should+動詞原形，should可省略
1.在 lest，for fear that(以免),in case(以防)引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中的虛擬語氣
she walked quietly lest she(should)wake up her roommates.她走得很輕以免吵醒她的室友。
2.表應(yīng)當(dāng)做 值得做 一類動詞后的賓語從句
建議advise, suggest, propose, recommend命令order, command請求ask, demand, require, request指示direct督促urge提議move, vote希望desire堅(jiān)持insist打算intend安排arrange 例如：
i insisted that he(should)stay.我堅(jiān)持要他留下。
he urged that they go to europe.他督促他們到歐洲去。
he suggested that we shouldleave early.他建議我們早點(diǎn)動身。
he ordered that it(should)be sent back.他命令把它送回去。
i ask that he leave.我要求他走開。
he requires that i(should)appear.他要求我出場。
i move that we accept the proposal.我提議通過這項(xiàng)提案。
he arranged that i should go abroad.他安排我去國外。
she desires that he do it.她希望他做此事。
the general directed that the prisoners should be set free.將軍指示釋放那些俘虜。*suggest表“暗示”insist表“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”不用虛擬語氣
比較：
he insisted that ihad read his letter.他堅(jiān)持說我看過他的信。
he insisted that i should read his letter.他堅(jiān)持要我看他的信。
he suggested that we(should)stay for dinner.他建議我們留下吃飯。
i suggested that you had a secret understanding with him.我覺得你與他心照不宣。
,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名詞后的表語從句或同位語從句 our suggestion is that you（should）be the first to go． 我們的建議是你應(yīng)該第一個去。
4.*advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order
l “it is(was)+ 緊急 重要--帶感情色彩
上述demand/suggest等動詞過去分詞 或
important,natural,strange ,necessary，surprised, appropriate等形容詞 后的主語從句
is ordered that the army(should)get there by 4 is necessary that she(should)be sent there at once.注：*it is necessary，important，strange，natural，advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(絕對必要), impossible, improper,obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.；it is a pity；it is requested/suggested/desired/proposed
第四類
it’s time后的從句用虛擬語氣從句謂語通常用過去式表示(早)該干某事了
*有時也用過去進(jìn)行時或“should+動詞原形”(較少見，且should不能省略)
’s time we went [were going, should go].我們該走了。
it’s time i was in bed.我該上床睡了。(不用were)
it's time = it is(the very/high/right/about)time
第五類
表示祝愿話語中也可以用虛擬語氣。
may godbless you.愿上帝保佑你。
may you enjoy many years of health and happiness.祝您健康長壽美滿幸福。
第六類
在少數(shù)句型中，謂語用虛擬語氣。
1）有that引導(dǎo)的句子（表示愿望或沮喪情緒）that the rain would stop.但愿雨能停下來。
2）由would that引導(dǎo)的句子（表示但愿）would that he wear gone.但愿他已走掉。
3）由to think引導(dǎo)的句子（表示沒想到）to think that i trusted him.沒想到我竟然信了他。5 wish和as if
1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望
構(gòu)成：主語 + wish(that)+ 從句主語 + 動詞過去式（be 一律用were）
例如：i wish i knew everything in the world.我希望我知道世界上所有的事。
i wish that the experiment were a success.我希望這個實(shí)驗(yàn)是成功的。
we wish we had wings.我們希望有翅膀。
2.表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望
構(gòu)成：主語 + wish(that)+ 從句主語 + would/could + have + 過去分詞或had + 過去分詞 例如：i wish that you had called yesterday.我希望你昨天來過。
i wish that i could have gone with you last night.我希望我昨晚能和你一起去。
i didn’t go to the party, but i do wish i had been there.我沒有去參加晚會，但是我真的希望我去過那里。
3.表示將來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望
構(gòu)成：主語 + wish(that)+ 從句主語 + would/should/could/might + 原形動詞
例如：i wish that he could try again.我希望他能再次嘗試。
i wish that someday i should live on the wish that they would come if 引出的虛擬。
as if?.表好像??我們經(jīng)常會利用一下句型來表達(dá)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的虛擬狀態(tài)：it is as if??。(就好象是??)
as if + 從句，主句。（好像?? sb.+ do?）表達(dá)一種假設(shè)的條件。而 as if 之后的假設(shè)內(nèi)容的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和wish虛擬的結(jié)構(gòu)一樣。
l.33 a day to remember 中原句，“as if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives.” 就利用了和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)虛擬。北京新東方名師指出，要善于總結(jié)出一些學(xué)習(xí)語法的技巧，如利用對比，舉例等方法進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。
注：something is to happened，i'm to face it。
6注意事項(xiàng)
使用虛擬條件句時要注意的幾點(diǎn)：
1．當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為“錯綜時間條件句”，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：
if you had followed my advice just now, you would be better you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years’ time.2．if 省略句在條件句中可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首 , 變?yōu)榈寡b句式。如： if i were at school again, i would study harder.→ were i at school again, i would study you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.→ had you come earlier, you would catch the it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.→ should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.注意：若省略的條件句中的謂語動詞是否定形式時，不能用動詞的縮略形式。如：我們可以說：were it not for the expense, i would go abroad now.但不能說：weren't it for the expense, i would go abroad now.3．用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。常用的介詞有with, without, but for。如：
what would you do with a million dollars?(= if you had a million dollars)
we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(= if we hadn't got your help)
but for the rain(= if it hadn't been for the rain), we would have finished the work.4．含蓄條件句
有時為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過其他手段來代替條件句。
i was ill that ise, i would have taken part in the sports meet.(副詞)he telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or i would have known nothing about it.(連詞)
a man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.（定語從句）i might have given you more help, but i was too busy.(連詞)
everything taken into consideration, they would have raiser their output quickly.(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))
混合型與含蓄型虛擬語氣
1?；旌闲吞摂M語氣：
當(dāng)虛擬條件從句與結(jié)果主語所表達(dá)的時間不一致時，被稱為“混合條件句”，這種虛擬語氣被稱為“混合型虛擬語氣”，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表達(dá)的時間作相應(yīng)調(diào)整。如：
if you had followedthe doctor's advice ,he would be all right now.(條件從句表達(dá)的時間是過去，因此用had+過去分詞；主句表示的時間是現(xiàn)在，因此用would+動詞原形)
2.含蓄型虛擬語氣：
有時候，虛擬條件不是通過if引導(dǎo)的條件句來表示，而是暗含在上下文中
（1）.用but for、without(如果沒有）等來代替條件從句，如
without electricity human life would be quite different=if there were no electricity ,human life would be quite different
(2)用otherwise、or(or else),even though等表示與上文的情況相反，從而引出虛擬語氣。如： i lost your ise,i would have visited you long before.=i lost your i hadn't lost your address ,i would have visited you long before.(3)虛擬條件通過but暗示出來。如：
he would have given you more help,but he was too busy
他本來會給你更多的幫助，但是他太忙了。也就是說，如果那時他不忙，他可以給你更多的幫助。句中but he was too busy實(shí)際上暗示了一個虛擬條件——如果那時他不忙
he would lose weight,but he eats too much
他本來可以減肥的，但是他吃的太多了。也就是說，如果他吃得不多的話，他是可以減肥的。句中的but he eats too much實(shí)際上暗示了一個虛擬條件——如果他吃得不多
英語四級萬能句,虛擬語氣有哪些 英語四級虛擬語氣題目含答案篇五
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雅思圖表作文模板句
is a table / chart /(line線狀 bar柱狀 pie餅狀)graph which demonstrate / illustrate / reveal /depict /privide information
about......para2.(1)obvious /apparent from the graph is that...rank the
first/highest,while/whereas....turn out to be the lowest
(2)it is exhibited/shown in the table that.....(3)it can be seen from the table that.....para3.(1)餅．柱圖 a，which accounts for...%,ranks the first;then next is b with...%;followed by c,constituting...%;finally it comes d.e.f at...%...%and...%respectively
(2)特殊變化（不變，增長或下降多的）
①it is worth mentioning that....②it must be pointed out that....③more striking/suprising is that.... conclude /in conclusion/overall
第一部分、用于雅思小作文開頭部分經(jīng)典句型
1、通過第一個曲線圖，我們可以知道____,也說明了結(jié)果是___
according to the first graph, it can be seen that ______________, it can also be concluded from it that ______________.2、一張有趣、有教育意義的內(nèi)容的圖片
there is an interesting and instructive picture which goes like this: _
3、當(dāng)前有一張涉及______的增長曲線圖，許多人______，ys there is a growing concern over __________ people like______________, while others are inclined to ______________.4、目前，共同之處是_____,許多人喜歡______因?yàn)開______除此之外還由于_____nowadays, it is common to people like___,because s, _____________.5、（圖表所示）_____，就像許多其他事物，被____更加喜愛，然而這一觀點(diǎn)正被_______所抨擊，一些人認(rèn)為_________，他們指出___________
______________, just like many other things, are preferred by being attacked by the idea that _________, some people consider
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point that ______________.6、每種事物都有兩面性和________，是沒有異議的，包括利和弊
everything has two sides and ______________ is not an exception, it has both advantages and disadvantages.7、_____作為_____被觀察了許多年，但是人們現(xiàn)在像發(fā)現(xiàn)新大陸一樣注視著它for years ______________ had been viewed as people are taking a fresh look at it now.8、政府保證________，對于這份保證，大多數(shù)人做出了強(qiáng)烈地回應(yīng)，因?yàn)開____it has stipulated by the government that this
stipulation,many people respond actively because ______________.9、_______出現(xiàn)在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪惺呛芷匠５模瑹o論我們做什么，_______都是不可避免的._______ is a common occurrence in our daily er we do, _______ can't be avoided.10、___在人群中已經(jīng)成為熱門話題，特別是在年輕人中，激烈的爭論無休止
______________ has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way.11、最近，_______已經(jīng)成為社會焦點(diǎn)，這樣，人們涌往______
recently, ______________ has become the focus of the society, and in this swarm to ______________.12、_____在我們?nèi)諒?fù)一日的生活中起到了越來越重要的作用，它為我們帶來了許多好處,同時也減少了許多問題
_____________ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day has brought us a lot of benefits but created some serious problems as well.13、人們正面臨著一個很嚴(yán)重的問題_______,首先______，然后________
man is now facing a big problem-______________, which is becoming more and more , ______________ second, ______________.14、現(xiàn)在，越來越多的人開始意識到________的嚴(yán)重性
nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of ______________.15、最近幾年人們基本意識到_________
it is only during the last years that man has become generally aware that______________.16、有一個舊的說法________-，它是我們父輩的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，然而，今天在許多事情上，它仍是正確的there is an old saying, 's the experience of our forefathers,however, it is correct in many cases ever today.17、英國諺語_______，這是非常正確的，因?yàn)開________
the english proverb says, is quite true because ________.18、_____是______,同時又是_____,這兩個因素已經(jīng)引起______,我們應(yīng)該做些什么解決________面對目前的環(huán)境
______________ is now______________, and at the same two factors have caused what shall we do to solve ______________ in the face of such a situation.19、一位遠(yuǎn)古的哲人說過，________,中國人已經(jīng)銘記于心
one of our ancient philosophers said, e people have always been holding this idea to be one of their standards of morality.20、一位非常著名的作家說過______,如果這是真的， of the great early writers said that this is true, the present situation should make us ponder over ______________.第二部分、用于雅思小作文中間部分經(jīng)典句型
1.最明顯的原因_______,因此_________
the most obvious reason for this phenomenon is that uently, _______.2.無論你喜歡與否，_____已經(jīng)變得越來越流行，這是有原因的no matter you like it or not, aaa has become more and more popular and there are many reason for it.3.對我們來說，改變這個不利的環(huán)境________是非常緊急的it’s an urgent task for us to change this unfavorable situation: ______________.4.這個圖片會讓你想起一些奇怪的東西，這種現(xiàn)象還是會繼續(xù)存在這個社會the picture can reminds you of some strange, yet familiar phenomena existing in our society.5.提供了大量的解決方案，一些人建議______,另一些人建議______
a great number of solutions are being people suggest argue that ______________.6.對于____,我們應(yīng)該____
confronted with aaa, we should take a serious of effective measures to cope with the situation.7.然而，______引起了許多為問題，however, _______ may cause some , it is , y, , it is clear that ________has its advantages and disadvantages.8.雖然____有一個______的非常大的好處，但是它不能完全______在_____方面although ______________ has a great advantage of ______________, it can’tcompete with ______________ in ______________.9._____也許更喜歡_____,但是_____忍受_____的不利之出
______________ may be preferable to ______________, but it suffers from the disadvantages that ______________.10._____的有利之處比______的有利之處要多，舉例說明，_____
the advantages of ______________ are much greater that those instance, i don’t think it is a very good way to solve instance, of all, are many ways to , , , __
the contrary, there are some people in favor of believe er, they think are several measures for us to , we can ______________, there are a number of advantages of r solution is to is high time that something was done about example, addition, these measures will certainly are some other people, who reasons are different,something for ______________, sometimes for ______________, and sometimes simply for ______________.17.______________ is necessary and important to our country’s development and ,_________’s more, important of all, r, if not managed properly, ______________ can create many mes rmore, ____fore, _____________ has been gaining public concern.19.有很多原因____，???
①there are probably many reasons for __, __, __y, are,i think,two main reasons for the first place, the second place, _fore,__________.② well, why is there ______________? i think there might be two is ______________, and the other is ______________.③why ______________? for one thing, another, s the main reason is ______________.④why ______________? the first reason is that secondreason is third is all this, the main cause of ______________ is due to is no easy job to find the reasons for this tendency which involves several complicated some others ___________.21.“why do ______________?” many people often ask questions like recent years, there is a general tendency to ing to a study, there is ed with ______________ last ______________?
ing to a survey, there is a growing number of _________ brings this result? the main reason rests with.24.①some people prefer to their opinion, _____ addition, heless, nowadays, ______________ has become more and more common.②many people are inclined to _____ their opinion, believe that , there _____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily , ____ second, makes things worse is that ys, _____ has become a problem we have to it’s easier said than done, with the help of modern technology, we now have many means to solve it.27.對于這個圖，說明了_____
①the graph shows the general trend in ______________.②according to the figures/numbers/statistics/percentages in the table/chart/bar graph/line graph, it can be seen that sly, ______________, but why?
③the figure indicates/shows/suggests/proves that ______ is a steady/rapid development/trend of ______________.④from the graph/chart, we know the statistics of ______________ and can be seen easily that ______________.⑤according to the two graphs presented, it can be observed that _____in the left graph, the same time, ______________ as the right graph shows.28.現(xiàn)在我們經(jīng)常聽到_____,但是真的如此嗎？
①these days we are often told that is it true?②these days we often hear about is this really the case?
29.一位著名的作家曾經(jīng)說過_____，one of the great writers once said that it still has arealistic significance.30.回看歷史，______的想法從來都沒流行過，一方面_____另一方面______in our history, the idea that ______________ never has been so one hand,_____, on the other hand,____________.31.人們中有許多像____不同的意見，一些人認(rèn)為_______
there are different opinions among people as to people suggest that ______________.32.一些人認(rèn)為_______對_______來說在許多方面都是好的，然，其他人不同意some people hold the opinion that ______________ is superior to ______________ in many ways: others, however, disagree with it.33.現(xiàn)在雖然越來越多的人______,但仍有一些_____的人，他們也許認(rèn)為_____nowadays although more and more people ______________, still there are some who think ______________, they may think ____________.
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